I can't watch the video here at work, but if there's talk about a drive and hammering, I might guess it's like this:
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It's called a Heureka Futter or Anschlagfutter(where Futter is German for drive, and anschlagen can be translated as 'hammer on'). Traditional German lathes have bearings designed to allow the wood to be hammered on. This prevents them from having a hollow spindle, but in the past, when people had to produce at speed to earn their money, hollow spindles weren't necessary. This drive allows the wood to be hammered on, with a heavy hammer, and start turning in seconds.
If the blanks are round, there's also this one:
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a Spundfutter. It's hard to see, but the inside is a little bit conical, so a round blank can just be hammered in and sit tight.
The pictures are from the German manufacturer Steinert, who still makes these traditional lathes (at Multimedia File Viewing and Clickable Links are available for Registered Members only!! You need to
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). Very nice people, I've met some of them in person. Check out their aptly-named Maximo lathe, or their specialized oval-turning small lathe PicOval (in the shop under Drechselbänke) if you want something to drool over.
link fixed.